Antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. A gnps synthesised by stenotrophomonas maltophilia tube a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients.
Treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Dec 31, 2014 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. In a number of cases, the prescription of prolong antibiotic therapy. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Special pathogens laboratory, the legionella experts.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are a closely related group of nonfermenting gramnegative bacilli nfgnbs found in. Jul 08, 2011 colonies of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on macconkey agar, incubation period 3 days at 3035c dr. It is important to recognize and efficiently treat infections with this bacterium as soon as possible. It is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. May 23, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. Concomitant nosocomial pathogens were present in 30% of patients 3.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis. Although an uncommon pathogen in humans, s maltophilia infection in humans, especially nosocomial, has been increasingly recognized. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important pathogen that induces nosocomial infections. It is a freeliving organism present in most aquatic and humid environments.
The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of. New strategies against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We present the results of our investigation, some simple methods for identification and maintenance of these microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia produces proteolytic enzymes and other pathogenic extracellular enzymes such as dnase, rnase, elastase, lipase, hyaluronidase, mucinase and hemolysin, which may contribute to the severity of s. The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of s. Nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia are intrinsically resistant to a plethora of antimicrobial agents that severely limit commonly used empiric standard antimicrobial therapies. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. As mentioned earlier, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very difficult to treat due to its natural resistance to many antibiotics. Voluntary data reported to phe for bacteraemias due to pseudomonas species spp. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen. Control experiments, without the addition of biomass as well as with heatkilled cells. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a worldwide human opportunistic pathogen associated with serious.
The emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia the bmj. Drug sensitivity test paper combining sulfamethoxazole, sxt. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric patients. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patients with prolonged neutropenia, exposure to broadspectrum antibiotics, and those requiring mechanical ventilation have higher risk of infection. Suggest treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas md stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas i had a urine culture came back postive for thisim a self cath patient and my urologist sending me to a infectios disease doctor but the nurse dint get me. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc 18. Severe infections may require combination therapy including ticarcillin plus. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Putative virulence characteristics of stenotrophomonas.
Antimicrobial surveillance program isolates indicated that the newer. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Due to highly antibioticresistant characteristics and being an important pathogen of nosocomial infection, s. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s. Jun 30, 2015 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. B tem image recorded from a dropcoated film of disrupted cell suspension. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infection is usually associated with a severe clinical course. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global. Characterization of gold nanoparticles synthesized by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It is also an opportunistic pathogen now causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections. Oct 25, 2018 belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al.
Medical devices with pvc are prepared by combining pvc with components. Apr 17, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Antibiotics are used only when removal of prosthesis isnt possible. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. The clinical course of infection was usually severe. Medical charts of patients with smb were retrospectively. The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis article pdf available in pan arab journal of neurosurgery 92. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia jkms journal of korean medical. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia definition of stenotrophomonas. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Risk factors for mortality in patients with stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is drug of choice consider minocycline, ticarcillinclavulanate if sxtresistant. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect topics. Furthermore, it can acquire resistance through the uptake of resistance. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. A novel bacterial isolate stenotrophomonas maltophilia as.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in. The most effective treatment involves the removal of prosthetic devices. However, treatment of sm bacteremia is challenging due to the resistance of sm to. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmp sxt is recommended as the agent of choice for the treatment of s. Falagas me, kastoris ac, vouloumanou ek, dimopoulos g. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia johns hopkins abx guide. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. During 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 24% of 104 cystic fibrosis cf patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Of the 6 cases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections of intact skin. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Due to its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options are strongly limited.
Global emergence of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, glucose non fermentative, gram negative bacillus, which is being increasingly recognized as a cause of serious infections such as bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, meningitis and ocular infections in hospitalized patients. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. Dec 15, 2007 stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmpsmx is recommended as the treatment of choice for s. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen, as is pseudomonas aeruginosa. What is stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, gramnegative nonfermentative bacillus previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia. An investigation of stenotrophomonas maltophiliapositive culture. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Differentiation of these bacteria as bacteremic agents is critical in the clinical setting and to define a therapeutic strategy. When screened for eps biosynthesis, all five strains produced colonies on. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. An emerging global opportunistic pathogen mahendra kumar trivedi 1 shrikant patil 1 harish shettigar 1 mayank gangwar 2 and snehasis jana 2 1 trivedi global inc. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of potential virulence determinants in five septicemic clinical isolates of s. Risk factors associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in the hospital setting eg, irrigation. It is responsible for roughly 1,000 cases of steno blood poisoning in the u. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, later xenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, gramnegative bacillus. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality 1, 4. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant organism that is typically hospitalacquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality 1, 2. Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that 21 causes fatal infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly. Can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim. Original article chronic stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and exacerbation outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Treatment of patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections categorized by presence or absence of mechanical ventilation. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important evolving pathogen, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis cf, but its mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood. The time to return to baseline respiratory status was 5 days 010 median range days in the treated group and 4 days 019 p 0.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen in recent years worldwide. However, because of concern regarding adverse events related to tmpsmx, levofloxacin has also been used for treating these infections. Multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia authorstream. Treatment of invasive infections caused by this organism is difficult as the bacterium is frequently resistant to a wide range of commonly used antimicrobials.
A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Atenafu b, juliana giraldo salazar c, annie lu a, yvonne yau d, larissa matukas e, elizabeth tullis f, felix ratjen c a divisionofinfectiousdiseases,departmentofpediatrics,thehospitalforsickchildren,universityoftoronto,555universityavenue. Steno superbug genome shows extreme drug resistance. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s. Chronic stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection symptoms, treatments.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia joe flashcards quizlet. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia formerly named pseudomonas maltophilia or xanthomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus, which is isolated from debilitated or immunocompromised patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In about three fourths of the cases, the treatment was successful, while. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an opportunistic ocular bacterial pathogen producing keratitis, keratopathy, and conjunctivitis. This bacterium is found in several environments such as water, soil, plants, food and hospital settings 1, 2. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. An evaluation of biofield treatment on susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections.
Behind pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii, s. Review of the medical records of patients admitted to a large cancer center with cultures yielding s maltophilia from urinary sources during a 15month period. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia are gramnegative bacteria that acquire motility via multitrichous polar flagella. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. It is a bacterium that can be present in almost any aquatic or humid environment and may persist for extended periods in such locations. Successful treatment of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis with ciprofloxacin in a preterm infant. Communityacquired stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant global opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, which possesses a huge number of virulence factors and antibiotics resistance characteristics. Stenotrophomonas bacteremia antibiotic susceptibility and. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract.
Our patient had several risk factors as described above. The recent publication of the genome sequence of the bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia was accompanied by a press statement that described this organism as a newly emerging superbug. However, welldocumented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. Ribotyping and pulsefield gel electrophoresis pfge characterization of 76 s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia previously named xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentive, gramnegative bacillus that is wide spread in the environment, it was considered to be an.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Frontiers antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic. An increasing incidence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates has been reported in some cf centers during the last decade 14. We present a case of stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis secondary to an indwelling catheter infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Meningitis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia after a. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that has been isolated from multiple environmental sources apsiarnthanarak et al. Steno, short for stenotrophomonas maltophilia, thrives in moist environments, such as around taps and shower heads, and can be transmitted to people. There is a need to establish guidelines for the susceptibility testing of s. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. Factors that predispose these patients to nosocomial infections include very low birth weight, small size for gestational age, immunologic immaturity, and exposure to invasive procedures, including insertion of intravascular catheters and assisted ventilation.
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